World War II Contributions to the Treatment of Multiple Burn Victims

Dr. Walter Cannon became widely known in theold method involved harsh and painful scrubbing to
1920s as the man who proved to the world howremove destroyed tissue then spraying the
the esophagus works. He also showed us howburned area with tannic acid to form a protective
the body secretes adrenaline during emergencymembrane. The doctors found that the
situations, which is what provides athletes with amembrane forestalled healing and led to infections.
second wind. Today, everyone has heard of hisTheir method involved covering the wound with
"fight or flight theory," also known as the "acutefine mesh gauze impregnated with petroleum jelly,
stress response."one that is used everywhere today. It is far less
Not so well known is the work of his son, Dr.painful, prevents infections, and aids healing. Their
Bradford Cannon, who I had the privilege offindings came just prior to the Coconut Grove fire
interviewing for a book that was published justof November 28, 1942.
prior to his death in 2005. Throughout the war, Dr.That night, as he was about to sit down to enjoy
Cannon served as the U.S. Army's chief of thea turkey dinner and listen to Holy Cross upset
plastic surgical section of Valley Forge GeneralBoston College at football, Dr. Cannon was called
Hospital (VFGH) in Pennsylvania, where he caredback to Mass General where 114 of the most
for war casualties pouring in from Europe and theseverely burned from the fire were rushed.
Pacific, and where he performed more thanSeventy-five died within the first few hours of
15,000 operations. He listed the task of rebuildingarrival. Another 36 of the 232 less injured taken
the wounded at VFGH as his most rewarding andto Boston City Hospital also died, raising the total
he remained on the job through the end of theto 111 dead, a number that would have been far
war, until the flow of wounded had subsided.greater had it not been for the work and
After graduating from Harvard Medical School, heprocedures established by doctors Cannon and
performed his residency at the Barnes Hospital inCope.
St. Louis, a major plastic surgery center where heBesides establishing Mass General's first plastic
first met noted doctors Vilray Blair and Jamessurgery residency, Dr. Bradford Cannon was
Barrett Brown. Seven years later he worked as aProfessor of Surgery Emeritus at Harvard Medical
surgeon at Mass General's plastic surgery clinic,and served as well as president of the Boston
where he was a protege of the world-famous Dr.Surgical Society, the New England Society of
Varaztad Kazanjian, and where he and Dr. OliverPlastic & Reconstructive Surgery, and the
Cope designed a new treatment for burns. TheAmerican Association of Plastic Surgeons.